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Ancient History



Comment from Dr. Mladenoff


The adverse effects of sustained neuroinflammation from head trauma has been know for almost 3/4 of a century.  Any head trauma initiates this cascade of chemical events. The absence of symptoms post head trauma is not an indication of the status of neuroinflammation.  This silent march of the normal response to head trauma will have devistating events decades down the road unless you evaluation the inflammatory cascade. There are physical, chemcial and electromagnetic procedures that can determine the status of the inflammatory cascade independent of when it was initiated.
Abstract:
Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Feb;173(4):681-91. doi: 10.1111/bph.13179. Epub 2015 Jun 12.
Progressive inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration after traumatic brain or spinal cord injury.
Faden AI1, Wu J1, Stoica BA1, Loane DJ1.

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to dementia and chronic neurodegeneration. Described initially in boxers and currently recognized across high contact sports, the association between repeated concussion (mild TBI) and progressive neuropsychiatric abnormalities has recently received widespread attention, and has been termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Less well appreciated are cognitive changes associated with neurodegeneration in the brain after isolated spinal cord injury. Also under-recognized is the role of sustained neuroinflammation after brain or spinal cord trauma, even though this relationship has been known since the 1950s and is supported by more recent preclinical and clinical studies. These pathological mechanisms, manifested by extensive microglial and astroglial activation and appropriately termed chronic traumatic brain inflammation or chronic traumatic inflammatory encephalopathy, may be among the most important causes of post-traumatic neurodegeneration in terms of prevalence. Importantly, emerging experimental work demonstrates that persistent neuroinflammation can cause progressive neurodegeneration that may be treatable even weeks after traumatic injury.
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